Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH)

 Battle Of Tabuk The reason for war against the Byzantine Empire was that one of Hazrat Muhammad's (PBUH) ambassadors was killed by Sharhabeel bin ‘Amr Al-Ghassani (the governor of Al-Balqa) invaded the war. The Battle of Tabuk was a military expedition, which was initiated by the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) in 630 CE against Byzantine army.

 Battle Of Taif The battle of Taif took place in 630 CE, As the Muslims besieged the city of Taif after their victory in the Battle of Hunayn and Autas. However, the city did not succumb to the siege. One of their chieftains, Urwah ibn Masud, was absent in Yemen during that siege.  Although the siege was unsuccessful, the inhabitants of Taif, the Banu Thaqif, sent a delegation to Mecca shortly after the siege; this resulted in them adopting Islam.

 Battle Of Autas After the Conquest of Mecca, the neighboring tribes of Hawazin and Thaqueef were given the choice of converting to Islam, or going to war with Muslims. A coalition of tribes decided to fight them.  The Battle of Autas was an early battle involving Muslim forces, fought in the year 630 CE at Autas. The tribes were defeated and the Muslims captured a large amount of war booty.

Battle Of Hunayn   The battle of Hunayn occurred in 630 CE. The tribes of Hawazin were alarmed by the rapid progress of Islam, and they thought that if it continued to spread at the same speed, they would become isolated from other pagan tribes. Their leaders figured that it would be unwise on their part to let the Muslims consolidate their recent gains and become too strong. So they gathered, under the command of Malik bin Awf An-Nadri. The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Muslim.

The Conquest Of Makkah   The treaty of Hudaybiyah was broken by the Quraysh when they sided with the tribe of Banu Bakr (with whom they had a pact to help one another); they attacked the tribe of Khuza’a who were the allies of the Muslims. The treaty was no longer effective. Abu Sufyan ibn Harb realized this and did his best to revive the treaty, but the Muslims had already realized that the kuffar were not to be trusted, and the treaty was never revived. This was a victory for the Muslims.  On hearing the news that the kuffar had broken the treaty,Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) prepared to leave for Makkah. Every precaution was taken to keep the kuffar unaware of the coming of the Muslim army. It was the 10th day of Ramadan in the year 8 Hijri that an army of 10,000 Muslims marched towards Makkah. The Muslims encamped at Mar-ur-Zahraan, a place a few kilometers from Makkah.  When the shepherds of Makkah returned in the evening they reported to the Makkans that a huge army was en...

Battle Of Mutah   After the victory of Khyber, Muhammad (PBUH) sent letters to Sultan of Byzantine - King of Iran, Nagus - the King of Abyssinia and the Emperor of Egypt. Muhammad (PBUH)’s emissary was killed by Harith bin Abi Shamir.  To take retribution, Battle of Mutah was fought in 629 CE, near the village of Mutah, east of the Jordan River and Karak, between an army of the Rashidun Caliphate and an army of the Byzantine Empire.  In Muslim history, the battle is usually described as the Muslims' attempt to take retribution against a Ghassanid chief for taking the life of an emissary; it ended in a draw and the safe retreat of both sides.

Battle Of Kyber  The battle of Khyber was fought in 629 CE between Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers, against the Jews living in the oasis of Khyber, located 150 kilometers from Madina in the north-western part of the present Saudi Arabia.  In spite of the pact of peace between the Muslims and the Meccans, the Jews of Khyber still disallowed the Muslim trade caravans to pass through the territories of Khyber, so that the Muslims could not develop economic ties with the northern countries. To forestall the evil designs of the Jews, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) marched to Khyber in 629 CE with a force of 1,400 Muslims and conquered the fort.

Treaty Of Hudaibiya   During 628 AD,  Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) with 1400 Muslims attempted to make a pilgrimage to the Kaa’ba. When they arrived near Makkah, Makkan troops opposed and forbade him to proceed to Makkah. However, the Makkans entered into negotiations with him. About ten miles outside of Makkah, Muhammad (PBUH) and Suhayl ibn Amr from Makkans concluded a treaty known as the Treaty of Hudaybiyya. Due to this treaty, Makkans, and others were able to move more freely around Arabia and communicate more easily with each other.  The general terms included: 1. Anyone coming from the Quraysh to the Prophet (PBUH) without the. 2. Permission of chief should be given to the idolaters.  3. Any Muslim going over to the Makkah should not surrender.  4. Any tribe desirous of entering into alliance, either with the Quraysh or with the Muslims, should be at liberty to do so without disputes. 5. The Muslims should go back to Madina on the present occasion and stop adva...

Battle Of Quraydha  As the battle of Al-Ahzab ended, a revelation came to the Prophet (PBUH) ordering Him to hasten in attacking the Banu Quraydha, which was the worst community of Jews being the source of sedition and troubles to Muslims and had been cursed by Allah and His messenger. In 627 CE, their conflict with Muhammad (PBUH) let to a 25 day siege of Banu Quraydha ending in the tribe’s surrender.

Battle Of Ahzab   The Battle of the Ahzab (Trench) was a fortnight-long siege of Yathrib (now Madina) by Arab and Jewish tribes. The strength of the confederate armies is estimated around 10,000 men with 600 horses and some camels, while the Muslims numbered 3000. The battle began in 627 CE.  On the advice of Sahabi, Salmaan Faarsi (RA), they decided that a trench should be dug. The largely outnumbered defenders of Madina, mainly Muslims led by Muhammad (PBUH), dig and fought the confederates from a trench.  They made the trench 5 meters deep and 5 meters wide. On the 27th night of the siege, a severe storm approached Madina. The tents of Kuffar were uprooted, goods were blown about, fires were extinguished and the whole kuffar army was in utter fear and in a state of confusion. Under the circumstances, the kuffar army fled in disarray.

Battle Of Uhad   The Battle of Uhud was fought, in 625 CE, at the valley located in front of mount Uhud, which is now North-Western Arabia.  It occurred between the Muslim community of Madina led by Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), and a force led by Abu Sufyan. The battle was the second military encounter between the Meccans and the Muslims preceded by the Battle of Badar, where a small Muslim army had defeated the much larger Meccan army.  Marching out from Mecca towards Madina on 625 CE, the Meccans desired to avenge their losses at Badr and strike back at Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers.  Although Muhammad (PBUH) had given clear instructions that his men should hold the line before them lay the booty of the Qurayshi army; so they rushed to claim their share. The Qurayshi cavalry attacked the high ground and quickly broke through. Now the life of the Prophet (PBUH) himself was in jeopardy.  While Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) got engaged in the desperate battle, the indisc...

Battle Of Badar.   Muslims and the Meccans (Makkan) met for the first battle in 624 CE, at Badar. At that time, Mecca (Makkah) was one of the richest and most powerful cities in Arabia fielding an army three times larger than that of the Muslims.  The battle began with an Arab tradition where each side sends out warriors to fight each other. Hazrat Ali , the Prophet’s son-in-law and cousin,  Hazrat Hamza, the Prophet’s uncle, and Ubayda, a companion of the Prophet from his clan, represented the Muslims and defeated the Meccan warriors. The battle began and ended with a decisive victory for the Muslims.  The Muslim’s victory also signaled other tribes that a new power had arisen in Arabia and strengthened Muhammad’s position as leader of the Muslim community in Madina.